The collection and storage of data produces little information, and therefore it is a fundamental feature of every SCADA system to track all data presented against normal values and limits. In accordance with the different types of data obtained and the criteria of each data point in the system, data management has different objectives. In particular, an event is necessary to process when a change in status or limit is made.

Status monitoring demands that the previous value stored in the database be correlated with each indicator. Any alteration may cause an event that notifies the operator. Status indicators are given a normal state in order to extend the information content; thus, an out of standard state warning is activated. Changes in status can be postponed to allow primary system operational times to prevent unwanted warning messages.

The importance of continuous information to the operators from a multitude of collected data has led to the concept of adding data quality attributes, which in turn calls for a way to flag data in a given color, or symbol, in the display console of the operator.

For all events produced by or induced by monitoring feature, event processing is necessary. This processing classifies and groups events to allow the corresponding data to be transmitted to the various HMI functions, to represent the criticalities of the alarm operator. Event processing is a key feature of the control system and has a significant impact on real-time performance, especially during alarm explosions. The event management product is a linear event and alert lists. Events are grouped into a variety of categories in order to assist the dispatcher, the most relevant being alarms that provide an alarm list. The following are the most popular categories:

• A specific display warning, such as color flashing, is determined by unrecognized and persistent alarm categories and an audible signal is produced in some instances. The alarm remains unaccounted for until the operator is remembered.

• An occurrence connected to a specific type of system where an attribute, such as bus voltage and relay safety operation, is allocated for each data point.

• Reason for the event that happens with a monitoring role assignment (i.e., accidental disruption of a breaker or recorder, a manual or control command). A priority assigned to the grouping of all events into different priorities frequently defined by combining system form and event purpose. The whole object of these classifications is to separate major events from minor events so that the operator is supported first in the resolution of the most critical problems during multiple activities.

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mMonitoring and Event processing